The musculoskeletal conditions osteoporosis and sarcopenia are highly prevalent in older adults. Osteoporosis is characterised by low bone mass and micro-architectural deterioration of bone whereas sarcopenia is identified by the loss of muscle strength, function, and mass. They both affect physical and social function, confidence and quality of life as well as contributing to high health care costs worldwide.

Osteosarcopenia is the term given when both conditions occur concomitantly and interactions between these two conditions may accelerate disease progression and subsequent morbidity; osteosarcopenia is associated with higher morbidity from falls, fracture, disability as well as mortality. Knowledge of the overlap in the pathophysiology of osteoporosis and sarcopenia can inform the development of potential treatments for osteosarcopenia. In this talk I will outline the epidemiology, pathogenesis, and clinical consequences of osteosarcopenia and discuss possible management strategies.

Question:
I hadn't heard of sarcopenia before so I looked it up before the presentation. Does physio and exercise from falls team, or exercise classes help? If we improve muscles, then we reduce fractures by reducing falls and then frailty by making patients have better muscle control - does this help or not?

Answer:
Thank you for your question. You are quite correct that reducing the risk of sarcopenia will reduce the risk of falls and hence fracture – there are also direct effects of muscle on bone but this is a key way protecting muscle can protect bone.