In this presentation, Pr Jean-Marc Tadié lays out how the BioFire Pneumonia plus Panel integrates into the diagnostic workflow in ICU patients with severe pneumonia. Using 6 clinical cases, Pr Tadié illustrates the strengths and limitations of the Panel, and how using the Panel supported both an early adjustment of the antimicrobial therapy in HAP / VAP patients and the differential diagnosis in COVID-19 patients.